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Realm Of Alters Mac OS
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Summary:
Illegal file/folder names and conventions for the following operating systems:
Windows
Mac OS 9
Mac OS X
Description:
EXPLANATION & OVERVIEW
In the realm of cross-platform file sharing, sometimes the end users are not aware of the limitations posed by the operating system. This article will explain which characters can cause problems with files that use these characters.
WINDOWS CONVENTIONS
https://free-prices.mystrikingly.com/blog/7sultans-online-casino. The Windows operating system can use two different file systems, Protected-Mode File Allocation Table (FAT) file system and the New Technology File System (NTFS). The two systems have much in common, but the characters permitted in a file or folder name may differ. In the conventions listed below, it is true for both systems unless otherwise specified. Specifically there are cases where NTFS does not have the limitations (see note below).
The following characters are invalid as file or folder names on Windows using NTFS:
/ ? < > : * ' and any character you can type with the Ctrl key
Black diamond casino. In addition to the above illegal characters the caret ^ is also not permitted under Windows Operating Systems using the FAT file system.
Under Windows using the FAT file system file and folder names may be up to 255 characters long
Under Windows using the NTFS file system file and folder names may be up to 256 characters long
Under Window the length of a full path under both systems is 260 characters
In addition to these characters, the following conventions are also illegal:
Placing a space at the end of the name
Placing a period at the end of the name
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The following file names are also reserved under Windows:
com1, com2, com3, com4, com5, com6, com7, com8, com9, lpt1, lpt2, lpt3, lpt4, lpt5, lpt6, lpt7, lpt8, lpt9, con, nul, and prn
Note:
The previous conventions are true only if the application used in managing them is does not use the Unicode API. Although the file system may support most of the above mentioned conventions the operating system may not. For example the NTFS file system allow paths to have a length up to 32,767 characters with each component (folder, file, etc.) being limited to 255 characters. However some windows applications like Explorer, for example, may not behave correctly in this circumstance. Other software, like ExtremeZ-IP uses the Unicode API so that file and folder names with invalid characters may be stored onto the NTFS file system.
Below the Macintosh conventions will touch the fact that the colon ':' is an invalid character in the Macintosh Operating Systems. Under Windows and the NTFS file system the colon is an illegal character, because it is used to open alternate file streams. However all other characters can be moved on and off the NTFS file system if a program with Unicode support is used. Both ExtremeZ-IP and MassTransit support this Unicode filenaming convention.
MACINTOSH OS 9 CONVENTIONS
The only illegal character for file and folder names in Mac OS 9 is the colon ':'
File and folder names may be up to 31 characters in length
MACINTOSH OS X CONVENTIONS
Since Mac OS X is build on top of UNIX there are a few inherent conventions that OS 9 users may not expect. Because of this, migrating certain files and folders from OS 9 to OS X may cause unexpected behavior.
The only illegal character for file and folder names in Mac OS X is the colon ':'
File and folder names are not permitted to begin with a dot '.'
File and folder names may be up to 255 characters in length
EXAMPLES OF UNEXPECTED BEHAVIOR
Below are a few scenarios that show what can happen if file names that are acceptable on one operating system are moved to another:
Example 1:
Create a file named com1 on Mac OS 9
Move the file to a Windows machine
Under Windows 2000 viewing the folder which contains the file via Explorer will result in Explorer crashing
Under Windows 2003 the file name cannot be changed because the file will require inherent access permissions
Example 2:
Create a file named .text on Windows
Move the file to a Mac OS X machine
The file will not be visible via the Finder
(File and folder names beginning with a dot mean the file or folder is hidden)
Example 3:
Create a file named foo/ on Mac OS X
Move the file to a Windows machine
If the file is viewed via Explorer the file name will not appear as it did on the OS X machine
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In this chapter we describe how to configure Kerberos for Mac OS X 10.x in order to access Kerberized machines and encrypt your data transmissions.
Kerberos on Mac OS X 10.7 and later
Client Configuration
Heimdal Kerberos is shipped as part of Mac OS X (as of the OS X 10.7 'Lion' release). Heimdal Kerberos is an alternate implementation of the Kerberos protocol and (mostly) interoperates with the more common MIT Kerberos (such as installed on Fermilab Linux systems).
In order to configure Kerberos on the Macintosh, obtain the Fermilab Kerberos configuration file krb5.conf from the Fermilab Security web site. The current version can be found at http://security.fnal.gov/Lion-krb5.conf or http://security.fnal.gov/without-afs-Lion-krb5.conf. The system expects to find this configuration file in one, and only one, of two places. Check for the existence of either of the following two files. (/etc is a private directory, requires root privileges):
/Library/Preferences/edu.mit.Kerberos
The recommended practice is to rename the file to /etc/krb5.conf. Ifthe second file (edu.mit.Kerberos) is present it needs to be deleted.
Make sure the Kerberos configuration file only exists in one of these two places!
If you commonly work from behind a NAT (Network Address Translation) router, as is typical of many cable and DSL internet users, you should also add to the [libdefaults] section of the Kerberos configuration the following line:
noaddresses= TRUE
Once you have set up Kerberos, you have:
- Kerberized telnet and ssh clients
- A Kerberized ssh server (if you complete the steps outlined in Section 23.1.3 below)
- Kerberized access to FERMI.WIN.FNAL.GOV Windows servers
You will not have Kerberized ftp, rlogin, and rsh.
AFS Client
- For AFS access: Download the latest release of OpenAFS from OpenAFS.org site, selecting the version for your Mac OS X version.
- During the install, the OpenAFS Client Cell panel prompts for the default AFS cell. Enter 'fnal.gov' to connect to the Fermilab AFS cell.
- Alternatively, go to /var/db/openafs/etc/ (requires root privileges) and edit the ThisCell file so that it contains only a single line containing the text 'fnal.gov'.
- Restart your computer.
Authenticate to Kerberos
To authenticate, use either the command line kinit as you would on a Linix system, or use the OS X GUI application Ticket Viewer.
Command Line kinit
Open a terminal window and run the command kinit. See section 12.1 kinit. If you are using AFS, run the aklog command after the kinit in order to get the necessaary AFS token.
GUI
- Open Keychain Access (also in the /Applications/Utilities folder)and select Ticket Viewer from under the Keychain Access menu.
- Click Add Identity in the Ticket Viewer.
- Check that your username is right and the realm is FNAL.GOV. Enter your Kerberos password and click OK.
- You'll see your principal name appear and a Time Remaining for your tickets. You can click the triangle to reveal a list of the tickets.
- Now you are ready to connect to a Linix system with ssh, or to a Windows 2000 domain file server with the Finder's Command-K function. You can quit the Kerberos GUI application without losing your tickets.
SSH Server Configuration (To be able to Connect to your Macintosh)
In order to setup your Macintosh for incoming SSH connections that comply with Fermilab Security policies, you will need to edit /etc/sshd_config and make the following settings as listed here (you might also need to uncomment lines by removing the leading '#'.If your Mac is a DHCP client, make sure it gets a stable hostname when connected. Go to System Preferences, click Network, choose each network interface in turn that you intend to use (probably just 'Ethernet' and 'Airport'or 'Wi-Fi'). For each one, click Advanced, go to the TCP/IP tab, and fill in the 'DHCP Client ID' box with just your hostname (not the fully qualified name). For example, let's suppose you've registered your Macintosh with the hostname fondulac. Just put fondulac in the box, even though your full domain name is fondulac.dhcp.fnal.gov.
Go to FermilabService Now
and click on Service Catalog in the Self-Service menu section on the left side. In the Accounts section click on Additional Kerberos Items request. Fill out the form and select Host and FTP Principals under Check Item(s) Needed to request a 'host principal' and provide the fully qualified domain name (i.e. fondulac.dhcp.fnal.gov) in the provided box. In the Additional Information box at the bottom, specify that you do NOT need an ftp principal.Once you get email back with an initial host principal password, you need to create a keytab file to hold the principal key but you will not be able to do this on your Macintosh because the Heimdal-based kadmin utility present on the Macintosh will not inter-operate with the kadmin server on the Master KDC. Instead you will have to log into a Linux system and create the keytab there and then securely transport the file back to your Macintosh where it will be stored as the file /etc/krb5.keytab (you can use the SSH file copy utility scp to accomplish this).
On the Linux system, run this command:
Provide the password when prompted -- it can only be used one time. If successful the terminal will display a message to the effect of 'Entry for principal host/fondulac.dhcp.fnal.gov .. added to keytab fondulac.keytab.' Use a secure method to transfer fondulac.keytab to your Macintosh to be saved as /etc/krb5.keytab.
Open System Preferences, pick 'Sharing', click 'Remote Login' to enable incoming SSH. Make sure your correct hostname (not the fully qualified name) is in the Computer Name field.Add a .k5login file to the home directory of any account to which you want to be able to log in remotely, and include the appropriate principals which are allowed to log into the account. (full principal name with no spaces along with the Kerberos realm name in upper case). This file must be writable only by the account itself and/or root.
Realm Of Alters Mac Os X
Time Synchronization
If1 you get the error 'KDC reply did not match expectations' or 'Clock skew too great while getting initial credentials', your computer's date and time are too different than the date and time on the Kerberos server. Should you see this error, make sure your date and time are correct.
On a Macintosh, the Date and Time in the System Preferences or Control Panel has an option for using a network time server. To set the date and time:
- First quit all Kerberos-using applications.
- Follow the instructions to Set the date and time from Apple.
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If the problem persists, restart your computer.
Realm Of Alters Mac OS